ENTRY D4236 20110111 D076D423600000001 SUBENT D4236001 20110111 D076D423600100001 BIB 15 88 D423600100002 TITLE High yield production of the medical radioisotope D423600100003 167Tm by the 167Er(d,2n)reaction D423600100004 AUTHOR (A.Hermanne,R.Adam Rebeles,F.Takanyi,S.Takacs,I.Spahn, D423600100005 A.V.Ignatyuk) D423600100006 INSTITUTE (2BLGVUB,3HUNDEB,2GERJUL,4RUSFEI) D423600100007 REFERENCE (J,ARI,69,475,2011) D423600100008 #doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2010.10.003 D423600100009 FACILITY (CYCLO,2BLGVUB) 20 MeV D423600100010 DETECTOR (HPGE) D423600100011 SAMPLE (68-ER-162,ENR=0.0006) D423600100012 (68-ER-164,ENR=0.0006) D423600100013 (68-ER-166,ENR=0.0114) D423600100014 (68-ER-167,ENR=0.956) D423600100015 (68-ER-168,ENR=0.0308) D423600100016 (68-ER-170,ENR=0.0018) D423600100017 The target samples were prepared of highly enriched D423600100018 erbium-oxide, 167Er2O3 powder by sedimentation onto D423600100019 Al backing of 13.0 mm diameter and 0.1 mm thickness. D423600100020 The samples were covered by 0.01 mm thick Al D423600100021 wrapping for protection. D423600100022 Thickness of targets: 13-19 mg/cm2, D423600100023 Characteristics of the erbium-oxide powder: D423600100024 chemical purity: 99.6%; D423600100025 isotopic composition of erbium (atom%): D423600100026 162Er<=0.06%, D423600100027 164Er<=0.06%, D423600100028 166Er=1.14%, D423600100029 167Er=95.6%, D423600100030 168Er=3.08%, D423600100031 170Er=0.18%. D423600100032 METHOD (ACTIV,EDEG,EXTB,GSPEC,STTA) D423600100033 Three stacks were bombarded with 20.7 MeV deuterons, D423600100034 irradiation time: 1.5 h, D423600100035 beam intensity: 100 nA. D423600100036 The stacks contained six erbium-oxide samples D423600100037 alternating with eight Ti monitor foils and were D423600100038 inserted in a Faraday-cup-like target holder equipped D423600100039 with a long collimator and secondary electron D423600100040 suppressing device. D423600100041 The beam intensity was controlled by integration of theD423600100042 deposited charge in the target holder. D423600100043 The extracted beam energy was estimated from the D423600100044 accelerator settings. D423600100045 The samples were measured non-destructively, D423600100046 without chemical separation D423600100047 several times after end of bombardment over aperiod of D423600100048 4 months. D423600100049 REL-REF (N,,Andersen+,B,ANDERSEN,3,1977) D423600100050 The energy degradation as a function of depth in the D423600100051 stack was calculated from the input energy and target D423600100052 thicknesses. D423600100053 MONITOR (22-TI-0(D,X)23-V-48,,SIG) D423600100054 Ti foils, thickness: 12.5 um, Goodfellow. D423600100055 The incident energy and beam current was corrected D423600100056 according to the re-measured excitation function of D423600100057 the monitor reaction. D423600100058 MONIT-REF (,S.Takacs+,J,NIM/B,262,7,2007) D423600100059 (D4168002,S.Takacs+,J,NIM/B,262,7,2007) D423600100060 ERR-ANALYS (EN-ERR) Estimation of the uncertainty on the median D423600100061 energy in the samples is obtained by taking into D423600100062 account the cumulative errors influencing the D423600100063 energy calculation(incident deuteron energy, D423600100064 sample inhomogeneity and beam energy straggling). D423600100065 The uncertainty of the energy is +-0.3 MeV for D423600100066 the first pellet, increasing to +-1.8 MeV at the end D423600100067 of the stack. D423600100068 (DATA-ERR)The independent relative errors of the D423600100069 linearly contributing processes were summed D423600100070 quadratically and the square root was taken. D423600100071 (ERR-1)number of target nuclei per areaunit 5% D423600100072 (ERR-2)beam current 5% D423600100073 (ERR-3) decay parameters 5% D423600100074 (ERR-4,3.,5.) detector efficiency 3-5% D423600100075 (ERR-S,1.,8.) statistical error 1-8% D423600100076 The total uncertainty on each cross section is D423600100077 between 10 and 15 %. D423600100078 ADD-RES (THEO)The excitation functions of the investigated D423600100079 reactions were calculated by means of the pre-compound D423600100080 model codes ALICE-D and EMPIRE-D.The experimental D423600100081 data are also compared with the cross section D423600100082 data in the EAF 2007 and TENDL 2009 nuclear D423600100083 reaction data libraries that were developed on the D423600100084 base of the TALYS nuclear model code system. D423600100085 (TTY-C) Integral yields were calculated from the D423600100086 fitted experimental cross sections. D423600100087 HISTORY (20110111C) ST D423600100088 (20110207) TS: SAMPLE coded information is included. D423600100089 STATUS (APRVD) S.Takacs 11-01-2011 D423600100090 ENDBIB 88 0 D423600100091 COMMON 3 3 D423600100092 ERR-1 ERR-2 ERR-3 D423600100093 PER-CENT PER-CENT PER-CENT D423600100094 5. 5. 5. D423600100095 ENDCOMMON 3 0 D423600100096 ENDSUBENT 95 0 D423600199999 SUBENT D4236002 20110111 D076D423600200001 BIB 4 11 D423600200002 REACTION (68-ER-167(D,3N)69-TM-166,,SIG) D423600200003 COMMENT Target isotope 166Er has only low abundance in the D423600200004 target material, therefore authors neglected the D423600200005 contribution of 166Er(d,2n)166Tm reaction which has D423600200006 also lower cross section too. D423600200007 The results were normalised to 100% 167Er target D423600200008 isotope. D423600200009 DECAY-DATA (69-TM-166,7.70HR,DG,778.81,0.191, D423600200010 DG,785.90,0.100, D423600200011 DG,1176.70,0.096) D423600200012 STATUS (TABLE) Data are taken from Table 2 D423600200013 ENDBIB 11 0 D423600200014 NOCOMMON 0 0 D423600200015 DATA 4 19 D423600200016 EN EN-ERR DATA DATA-ERR D423600200017 MEV MEV MB MB D423600200018 20.4 0.3 912.8 119. D423600200019 19.8 0.3 884.4 115. D423600200020 19.0 0.3 850.5 111. D423600200021 18.9 0.3 722.9 94. D423600200022 18.0 0.3 570.9 74. D423600200023 17.5 0.4 520.2 68. D423600200024 17.3 0.4 472.9 61. D423600200025 16.4 0.5 385.7 50. D423600200026 15.9 0.6 216.5 28. D423600200027 15.6 0.6 268.6 35. D423600200028 14.7 0.6 94.2 12. D423600200029 14.1 0.8 32.1 4.2 D423600200030 13.8 0.8 12.7 1.7 D423600200031 12.9 0.8 8.0 1.0 D423600200032 12.2 1.0 6.7 0.9 D423600200033 11.9 1.0 7.5 1.0 D423600200034 10.8 1.2 4.0 0.5 D423600200035 10.1 1.4 3.4 0.4 D423600200036 9.7 1.2 2.5 0.3 D423600200037 ENDDATA 21 0 D423600200038 ENDSUBENT 37 0 D423600299999 SUBENT D4236003 20110111 D076D423600300001 BIB 4 8 D423600300002 REACTION (68-ER-167(D,2N)69-TM-167,,SIG) D423600300003 COMMENT The possible contribution of the 166Er(d,n) reaction D423600300004 was neglected, considering that it does not exceed 1%. D423600300005 The results were normalised to 100% 167Er target D423600300006 isotope. Direct production of 167Tm including D423600300007 contribution from 168Er(d,3n) reaction. D423600300008 DECAY-DATA (69-TM-167,9.25D,DG,207.801,0.42) D423600300009 STATUS (TABLE) Data are taken from Table 2 D423600300010 ENDBIB 8 0 D423600300011 NOCOMMON 0 0 D423600300012 DATA 4 19 D423600300013 EN EN-ERR DATA DATA-ERR D423600300014 MEV MEV MB MB D423600300015 20.4 0.3 276. 36. D423600300016 19.8 0.3 299. 39. D423600300017 19.0 0.3 375. 49. D423600300018 18.9 0.3 323. 42. D423600300019 18.0 0.3 371. 48. D423600300020 17.5 0.4 426. 55. D423600300021 17.3 0.4 405. 53. D423600300022 16.4 0.5 565. 73. D423600300023 15.9 0.6 567. 74. D423600300024 15.6 0.6 670. 87. D423600300025 14.7 0.6 658. 86. D423600300026 14.1 0.8 652. 85. D423600300027 13.8 0.8 620. 81. D423600300028 12.9 0.8 591. 77. D423600300029 12.2 1.0 525. 68. D423600300030 11.9 1.0 573. 74. D423600300031 10.8 1.2 314. 41. D423600300032 10.1 1.4 274. 36. D423600300033 9.7 1.2 206. 27. D423600300034 ENDDATA 21 0 D423600300035 ENDSUBENT 34 0 D423600399999 SUBENT D4236004 20110111 D076D423600400001 BIB 4 14 D423600400002 REACTION (68-ER-167(D,2N)69-TM-167,,SIG) D423600400003 COMMENT The possible contribution of the 166Er(d,n) reaction D423600400004 was neglected, considering that it does not exceed 1%. D423600400005 Contribution of 168Er(d,3n) reaction was corrected. D423600400006 According to the analysis, based on a comparison of D423600400007 the theoretical results for the EMPIRE-D code, the D423600400008 contribution of the 3.08% 168Er in the target would D423600400009 increase between 1.2% at 15 MeV and about 11% at 20.4 D423600400010 MeV. For energies below 14 MeV the correction would be D423600400011 lower than 1%. D423600400012 The results were normalised to 100% 167Er target D423600400013 isotope. D423600400014 DECAY-DATA (69-TM-167,9.25D,DG,207.801,0.42) D423600400015 STATUS (TABLE) Data are taken from Table 2 D423600400016 ENDBIB 14 0 D423600400017 NOCOMMON 0 0 D423600400018 DATA 4 19 D423600400019 EN EN-ERR DATA DATA-ERR D423600400020 MEV MEV MB MB D423600400021 20.4 0.3 264. 40. D423600400022 19.8 0.3 290. 44. D423600400023 19.0 0.3 372. 56. D423600400024 18.9 0.3 318. 48. D423600400025 18.0 0.3 370. 52. D423600400026 17.5 0.4 430. 60. D423600400027 17.3 0.4 409. 57. D423600400028 16.4 0.5 580. 81. D423600400029 15.9 0.6 585. 82. D423600400030 15.6 0.6 695. 97. D423600400031 14.7 0.6 687. 89. D423600400032 14.1 0.8 683. 89. D423600400033 13.8 0.8 651. 85. D423600400034 12.9 0.8 621. 81. D423600400035 12.2 1.0 553. 72. D423600400036 11.9 1.0 603. 78. D423600400037 10.8 1.2 331. 43. D423600400038 10.1 1.4 288. 37. D423600400039 9.7 1.2 217. 28. D423600400040 ENDDATA 21 0 D423600400041 ENDSUBENT 40 0 D423600499999 SUBENT D4236005 20110111 D076D423600500001 BIB 4 5 D423600500002 REACTION (68-ER-166(D,3N)69-TM-165,,SIG) D423600500003 COMMENT The results were normalised to 100% 166Er target D423600500004 isotope. D423600500005 DECAY-DATA (69-TM-165,30.06HR,DG,242.917,0.355) D423600500006 STATUS (TABLE) Data are taken from Table 2 D423600500007 ENDBIB 5 0 D423600500008 NOCOMMON 0 0 D423600500009 DATA 4 14 D423600500010 EN EN-ERR DATA DATA-ERR D423600500011 MEV MEV MB MB D423600500012 20.4 0.3 904. 136. D423600500013 19.8 0.3 829. 124. D423600500014 19.0 0.3 728. 109. D423600500015 18.9 0.3 682. 102. D423600500016 18.0 0.3 509. 76. D423600500017 17.5 0.4 360. 54. D423600500018 17.3 0.4 362. 54. D423600500019 16.4 0.5 248. 37. D423600500020 15.9 0.6 104. 16. D423600500021 15.6 0.6 160. 24. D423600500022 14.7 0.6 28. 4. D423600500023 14.1 0.8 6. 1. D423600500024 12.2 1.0 2.2 0.3 D423600500025 10.1 1.4 1.6 0.2 D423600500026 ENDDATA 16 0 D423600500027 ENDSUBENT 26 0 D423600599999 SUBENT D4236006 20110111 D076D423600600001 BIB 4 11 D423600600002 REACTION ((68-ER-167(D,N)69-TM-168,,SIG)+ D423600600003 (68-ER-168(D,2N)69-TM-168,,SIG,,RAB)) D423600600004 COMMENT The cross section values for the activation process D423600600005 leading to formation of 168Tm in the target, obtained D423600600006 by supposing that 100% of the target nuclei are 167Er, D423600600007 are given for illustration only in Table 2. D423600600008 DECAY-DATA (69-TM-168,93.1D,DG,198.25,0.538, D423600600009 DG,447.52,0.237, D423600600010 DG,631.71,0.091, D423600600011 DG,815.99,0.503) D423600600012 STATUS (TABLE) Data are taken from Table 2 D423600600013 ENDBIB 11 0 D423600600014 NOCOMMON 0 0 D423600600015 DATA 4 19 D423600600016 EN EN-ERR DATA DATA-ERR D423600600017 MEV MEV MB MB D423600600018 20.4 0.3 39. 5. D423600600019 19.8 0.3 32. 4. D423600600020 19.0 0.3 43. 6. D423600600021 18.9 0.3 32. 4. D423600600022 18.0 0.3 32. 4. D423600600023 17.5 0.4 41. 5. D423600600024 17.3 0.4 33. 4. D423600600025 16.4 0.5 42. 5. D423600600026 15.9 0.6 46. 6. D423600600027 15.6 0.6 46. 6. D423600600028 14.7 0.6 44. 6. D423600600029 14.1 0.8 50. 7. D423600600030 13.8 0.8 45. 6. D423600600031 12.9 0.8 47. 6. D423600600032 12.2 1.0 48. 6. D423600600033 11.9 1.0 50. 6. D423600600034 10.8 1.2 32. 4. D423600600035 10.1 1.4 36. 5. D423600600036 9.7 1.2 24. 3. D423600600037 ENDDATA 21 0 D423600600038 ENDSUBENT 37 0 D423600699999 ENDENTRY 6 0 D423699999999